2023年英语教师资格证笔试：关系词的用法

http://guangxi.hteacher.net 2023-01-30 11:19 广西教师资格证 [您的教师考试网]

(一)关系代词的用法：

1. 作主语用who, which和that, 如：

He is the man who/that lives next door.

The train which/that has just left is for Shenzhen.

2. 作宾语用whom, who, which, that, 如：

The man (whom/who/that) we have just seen is a famous writer.

Where is the book (which/that) I bought last week?

注：在非正式文体中，用于指人的关系代词who whom, that 通常可以省略，但在正式文体中通常用whom, 不可省略;用于指物的关系代词which和that 在非正式文体中也通常省略，但在正式文体中一般不省略。

3. 作定语用whose, 如：

(a) He is the man whose car was stolen last week.

(b) It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at that time.

注：“whose +名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语(如上a句)，又能作宾语(如上b句)。whose 的先行词常用来指人，但有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概念，这时可以与of which 结构互换，词序是：“名词+of which”，如：

They came to a house whose back wall had broken down.. (= the back wall of which)

He’s written a book the name of which I’ve completely forgotten. (= whose name)

4. 作表语只用that ，它既可以指人，也可以指物，但时常省略。如：

He is no longer the man that he used to be.

This is no longer the dirty place (that) it used to be.

(二)关系副词的用法：

1.when 指时间，在从句中作时间状语，它的先行词通常有：time, day, morning, night, week, year 等。如：

I still remember the time when I first became a college student.

Do you know the date when Lincoln was born?

2.where指地点，在从句中作地点状语。它的先行词常有：place, spot, street, house, room, city, town, country等。

This is the hotel where they are staying.

I forget the house where the Smiths lived.

3. why指原因或理由，它的先行词只有reason。如：

That is the reason why he is leaving so soon.

(三)使用关系副词应注意下列几点：

1. 这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构：

when = on (in, at, during…) + which;

where = in (at, on…) + which;

why = for which. 如：

I was in Beijing on the day when (=on which) he arrived.

The office where (=in which) he works is on the third floor.

This is the chief reason why (=for which) we did it.

2. 当先行词是表时间的time, day等和表地点的place, house等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或宾语时，关系词应该用which或that, 缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用when或where，试比较：

I’ll never forget the day when my hometown was liberated.

I’ll never forget the days which/that we spent together last summer.

His father works in a factory where radio parts are made.

His father works in a factory which/that makes radio parts.

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