四步搞定非谓语动词

http://www.hteacher.net 2019-09-03 08:50 教师招聘网 [您的教师考试网]

一、非谓语动词的种类

动名词(doing)，不定式(to do)，现在分词(doing)过去分词(done)

二.非谓语动词的时态和语态

不定式的变化形式

主动 被动

将来 to do to be done

进行 to be doing

完成 to have done to have been done

分词的变化形式

主动 被动

一般 doing done

进行 doing being done

完成 having done having been done/ done

三.非谓语动词在句子中充当的成分

不定式	主语	宾语	宾补	表语	定语	状语
动名词	主语	宾语		表语	定语
分词			宾补	表语	定语	状语

四.非谓语动词解题四大步骤

一)分析句子结构,辨别“谓语与非谓语”：看有无连词and，but等，有连词就不缺非谓语动词，没有连词考虑非谓语动词。

1.______many times , but he still couldn't understand it .

2.____ many times , he still couldn't understand it .

A. Having been told B. Being told

C. He had been told D. Though he was told

答案：CA 看有无连词and，but等，有连词就不缺非谓语动词，没有连词考虑非谓语动词。

3.It ___ a hot day, we’d better go swimming.

4. ____ a rainy day ; we decided not to go there.

A. is B. to be C. being

D.It being E. It was F. been

答案：CE 看符号，连接两个简单句的是分号时不考虑用非谓语动词;反之则考虑用非谓语动词。

二)分析逻辑主语

确定要选非谓语动词之后，第二步要分析其逻辑主语。非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语。非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语须和句子的真正主语一致。若不一致，则须加上自己的逻辑主语

非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语，特别是当非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常是主句的主语，若不然，则得加上自己的逻辑主语，这时就构成独立主格。

1.Walking along the street one day, she saw a little girl running up to her.

2.She is reading a book found on the way.

3.Most of the artists invited to the party were from South Africa.

总结：

1.作定语时，逻辑主语为其所修饰的名词;

2.作宾语补足语，逻辑主语为宾语补足语之前的宾语;

3.作表语、宾语或状语时，其逻辑主语通常为主句的主语,

三)分析语态

分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动还是被动关系。

1.______from space , the earth looks blue .

2.____from space , we can see the earth is blue.

A. Seen B. Seeing C. To see D. See

答案：AB

四)分析时态

关键看时间副词决定非谓语动词的时态

1. The building ____ now will be a restaurant .

2. The building ____ next year will be a restaurant .

3. The building _____ last year is a restaurant.

A. having been built B.to be built

C. being built D. built

答案：CBD

二、非谓语动词的七大经典原则

原则一：用作目的状语，原则上要用不定式

1. When asked why he went there， he said he was sent there _____ for a space flight.

A. training

B. being trained

C. to have trained

D. to be trained

答案：D 由于进行航空飞行训练是他被派往那儿的目的，所以要用不定式，因此可排除 A 和B。另外，由于“他”与“训练”为被动关系。

原则二：用作伴随状语，原则上要用-ing.

The girl was left alone in the room, _______bitterly.

A. to cry

B. crying

C. cried

答案：B

原则三：用作结果状语时，一般可用-ing，表示出乎意料的结果是用不定式

The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance，_____ in the natural light during the day.

A. to let B. letting C. let D. having let

He hurried to the station, only ______ that the train had left.

A. to find B. finding

C. found D. to have found

答案：BA

原则四：凡是含有被动意义时，原则上要用过去分词。但是，如果所涉及的动作尚未发生，则用不定式的被动式;如果所涉及的动作正在进行，则用-ing的被动式.

The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle _____.

A. to be heard B.to have heard

C. hearing D. being heard

【解析】根据句意，此处指的是“被听见”，故要用被 动式，因可排除 B 和 C。另外，由于“设法被听见”为目的状语，动作当时尚未发生，故用不定式，即选 A。

原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语原则上应与主句主语保持一致.

While watching television，_____.

A. the door bell rang

B. the doorbell rings

C. we heard the doorbell ring

D. we heard the doorbell rings

【解析】因为 watching 的逻辑主语一定是人，排除选项 A 和 B ;又因在hear后作宾补的是省略了 to 的不定式， 所以选项 D 中的 rings 是错误的。即选 C。

原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时，原则上要用完成式 (根据情况可用不定式的完成式或 —ing的完成式)

_____ from other continents for millions of years， Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other countries in the world.

A. Being separated B.Having separated

C. Having been separated D.to be separated

【解析】因为 Australia 与 separate 是被动关系，且 separate发生在谓语动词 has 之前，所以用-ing的完成被动式做原因状语。即选 C。

原则七：用于名词后作定语时，原则是：用不定式，表示动作尚未发生; 用-ing，表示动作正在进行;用过去分词，表示动作被动、完成。

—The last one _____ pays the meal.

—Agreed!

A. arrived B. arrives

C. to arrive D. arriving

【解析】受 the first， the second ... the last 修饰的名词或代词后原则上要用不定式作定语。即选 C。

练一练

1. The next thing he saw was smoke ______ from behind the house.

A. rose B. rising C. to rise D. risen

2. The island, ______ to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to.

A. joining B. to join C. joined D. having joined

3. Sarah pretended to be cheerful, ______nothing about the argument.

A. says B: said C. to say D. saying

4. It’s important for the figures _________ regularly.

A. to be updated B. to have been updated

C. to update D. to have updated

5. Sit down, Emma. You will only make yourself more tired, ________ on your feet.

A. to keep B. keeping C. having kept D. to have kept

6. It’s no use ____________ without taking action.

A. complain B. complaining C. being complained D. to be complained

7. The rare fish, _____ from the cooking pot, has been returned to the sea.

A. saved B. saving C. to be saved D. having saved

8. At one point I made up my mind to talk to Uncle Sam. Then I changed my mind, ____ that he could do nothing to help.

A. to realize B. realized C. realizing D. being realized

9. Today we have chat rooms, text messaging, emailing… but we seem _____ the art of communicating face-to-face.

A. losing B. to be losing C. to be lost D. having lost

10. Look over there—there’s a very long, winding path______ up to the house.

A. leading B. leads C. led D. to lead

参考答案

1.B 句中有主谓宾，主语为the next thing. 谓语为was, 宾语为smoke.可知填非谓语。非谓语做定语，不定式表将来，过去分词表示被动完成，现在分词表主 动进行。smoke与rise为主动关系，用现在分词，选B。

2.C 判断为非谓语动词。island与join为被动关系，用过去分词。

3.D 现在分词做状语，表伴随

4.A 周期性更新数据很重要。被动关系，排除CD。现在完成时表示影响延续，句 中无此意，排除B

5.B 现在分词做原因状语。不定式表示将来，排除AD。

6.B it's no use doing sth.排除AD。主动意义

7.A 被救起，排除BD不定式表示将来，据语境，鱼已经被救起，排除。

8.C 现在分词表原因。我刚下定决心和Sam叔叔谈一谈，但过了一会我就转变心意 了，因为我知道他也什么忙都帮不上。

9.B seem to do sth排除AD.be losing 正在失去。但似乎我们正慢慢失去面对面的说话艺术。

10.A 非谓语做定语，现在分词表主动.有一条通向房屋的弯弯曲曲的小道。

责任编辑：大白