安徽 北京 重庆 福建 广东 甘肃 广西 贵州 河南 河北 湖北 湖南 海南 黑龙江 江西 辽宁

江苏 吉林 宁夏 内蒙古 青海 山东 陕西 四川 山西 上海 深圳 浙江 天津 新疆 云南 西藏

【方法】教师招聘英语笔试语法易错点梳理

http://www.hteacher.net 2018-12-26 15:00 教师网 [您的教师考试网]

语法被称为语言的骨架,掌握语法结构是学好语言的必备条件。从全国的教师招聘考试考情来看,语法知识点的考查是英语笔试环节中不可或缺的一部分。其中非谓语动词,虚拟语气,情态动词,三大从句(名词性从句,定语从句,状语从句),时态语态,形容词副词,特殊句式等又是语法考查的“常客”;而从答题情况来看,考生很容易在非谓语动词、虚拟语气和情态动词等知识点上失分。为了帮助大家更好地应对教师招聘考试,华图教师事业部教研中心针对非谓语动词,虚拟语气以及情态动词的易错点进行了梳理,希望对广大英语考生有所帮助。

一、非谓语动词易错点

易错点1:在“句子, and/or/but +句子”的并列句结构中,常考查“以动词原形开头”的祈使句,四个答案表面上像是在考查非谓语,其实考查的是谓语。

例题:_______ the road round to the right and you’ll find his house.

A. Follow B. Following C. To follow D. Followed

【解析】A。此题考查的是并列句结构“句子, and/or/but +句子”,所以and前面的句子是祈使句,需要填动词原形。如果没有and,考查的则是非谓语动词,主语you与follow是主动的关系,则选择B项,句子为:Following the road round to the right, you'll find his house.

易错点2:形容词作状语表示原因、伴随、结果或让步等,而并非表示动作的方式。

例题:The man won a big prize, ______ and ______.

A. surprised; happy B. surprising; happy

C. surprised; pleasant D. surprising; pleased

【解析】A。此题考查的是形容词作状语,表示the man获奖时的状态,做伴随状语。而不是表示他获奖的方式。不能选择非谓语动词。

易错点3:从“主语一致或主语不一致”角度出题,考生忽略主语不一致

例题:All her time _______ experiments, she has no time for films.

A. devoted to do B. devoted to doing

C. devoting to doing D. is devoted to doing

【解析】B。此题考查的是独立主格结构,前后两个部分主语不一致。time跟devote是被动的关系,有devote to doing sth.所以选择B项。本题的易错点主要在于搞清楚逗号分开的前后两部分的逻辑主语是否一致。逻辑主语不一致时,非谓语动词一般要自带逻辑主语,这种现象叫做“分词的独立主格结构”。

易错点4:have sth. to do 还是 have sth. to be done 傻傻分不清楚

例题:—“Do you have anything more ______, sir?”

—“No. You can have a rest or do something else.”

A. typing B. to be typed C. typed D. to type

【解析】B。该语境中要执行“打印”动作的不是问句中“you”,而是问这句话的“我”。应用have sth. to be done。本题很容易错选D项,再来回顾一下have sth. to do 的用法:I have sth. to do (不定式做定语,通常用主动形式表示被动意义)。注意:这类句型的主语与其后的不定式具有主动关系,即事情是由主语来完成的。如果事情不是有主语完成的,则用have sth. to be done.

易错点5:关于insist的用法

例题:Both of my parents insisted _______ a computer for me, but I don’t think it is necessary.

A. to buy B. buying C. on buying D. in buying

【解析】C。此题考查的insist的用法。Insist既可以做及物动词又可以做不及物动词,做及物动词的时候,后面只跟宾语从句(虚拟语气或陈述语气)。其他情况都是不及物动词,如果要跟宾语要加上介词on。

二、虚拟语气易错点

易错点1:错综条件句中的虚拟语气

例题:—Could you tell me how to do this exercise?

—Well, if you______ to the teacher carefully yesterday, you_______ how to do it now.

A. had listened; would know B. listened; would have know

C. would listen; know D. has listened; knew

【解析】A。此题考查的是错综条件句中的虚拟语气,条件句中是对过去的虚拟,主句是对现在的虚拟。故选择A项。做这类题时特别注意主句和从句的时间状语,如果状语所指时间不同,必定是错综时间主从句,或者题目中没有明确的时间状语,根据句意也可理解出主从句时间不一致,此类题型需要考生特别小心。

易错点2:含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气

例题:I forget where I read the article, or I _____ it to you now.

A. will show B. would show C. am going to show D. am showing

【解析】B。此题考查的是含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气。这里的or=If I did not forget where I read the article, 类似的词或词组还有but for; with; without, in that position, in the absence of, under, or, ,or else, otherwise等,当考生在碰到类似的词或词组的时候,就要主要认真理解句意,是否考查的是含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气。

易错点3:insist后面的宾语从句是否需要用虚拟语气

例题:All the doctors in the hospital insisted that he ____ badly wounded and that he ____ at once.

A. should be; be operated on B. were; must be operated on

C. was; should be operated D. was; be operated on

【解析】D。此题考查的是insist后面的宾语。是否用虚拟语气由insist后面的谓语动词决定;动作尚未发生,或尚未成为事实,则用虚拟语气;动作已经发生,或已经成为事实,则要用陈述语气。根据句意,此题中前部分动作已经发生,用陈述语气,后部分的动作尚未发生,用虚拟语气。

易错点4:as if 后面可陈述,可虚拟

例题:—“It looks as if he were drunk.”

—“So it does. _____.”

A. He’d better give up drinking B. He shouldn’t have drunk so much

C. Health is more important than drink D. I wonder why he is always doing so

【解析】D。此题考查的是as if后接虚拟语气的意义。as if 后接虚拟语气表示实际情况并非如此,在此题中,由“he were drunk”可知他并没有喝醉,而是说他的行为像是喝醉了。ABC三项都与喝醉相关,故选D较为合适。

三、情态动词易错点

易错点1:不熟悉shall的用法,shall用在第二、三人称后面表示允诺,命令,警告,威胁等

例题:If you don’t do as I tell you to, you ______ go to the party.

A. won’t B. shan’t C. don’t D. shouldn’t

【解析】B。此题考查的是情态动词shall的用法。shall用在第二、三人称后面表示允诺、命令、警告、威胁等。根据句意,题干中表示的威胁的意思。故选B项。

易错点2:表示推测的情态动词的反义疑问句

例题:He must have been to Hong Kong, _______.

A. mustn’t he B. hasn’t he C. doesn’t he D. haven’t he

【解析】B。表示推测的情态动词的反义疑问句。这类表示推测的反义疑问句,最简单的办法就是把他改成肯定的陈述句,找出真正的助动词。例如,题干中的句子可以改写为he has been to Hong Kong,助动词为has,所以B项当选。用同样的方法不难得出He must be tired now.的反义疑问句是isn’t he?

易错点3:can和could表示推测的用法

例题:—Do you believe what he says?

—Yes, it __________ be true.

A. can B. could C. need D. has to

【解析】B。该题容易误选A。下面谈谈can,could表示推测的有关用法:1. 表示理论上的可能性(即从理论上分析是可能的,但实际未必会发生),可用 can(表现在)或 could(表过去): Even experts can make mistakes. 即使是专家也可能会出差错。2. 表示现实可能性,这包含两个方面的含义:一是指将来可能性,一是指现在的可能性,在这两种用法中,通常都不用 can,但可用 could(可以指现在,相当于 may / might):

今年夏天我们可能要去日本。(将来可能性)

正:We could [may, might] go to Japan this summer.

误:We can go to Japan this summer.

你可能是对的,但我不认为你对。(现在可能性)

正:You could [may, might] be right, but I don’t think you are.

误:You can be right, but I don’t think you are.

有时也用can来表示现在的可能性,但那通常只限于否定句或疑问句中:

It can’t be true. 那不可能是真的

What can he possibly want? 他可能会想要什么呢?

四、动词时态语态易错点

易错点1:复合句主从句之间的时态问题

例题:After school we went to the reading-room to do some reading, only to be told that it ________.

A. was decorated B. had decorated

C. had been decorating D. was being decorated

【解析】D。reading­room和decorate之间是动宾关系,应用被动语态。B和C是主动形式,故排除。题空处暗含一个时间状语:我们去阅览室的那段时间,表示过去某段时间正在进行的被动,应用过去进行时的被动语态。

1. 状语从句的时态问题主要有:

(1)当主句的谓语动词是一般将来时时,由when, before, after, as soon as, until 等连词引导的时间状语从句和由if引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时。例如:

We’ll go to visit the Great Wall if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.

如果明天不下雨, 我们将去参观长城。

(2)当主句的谓语含有may, can, must等情态动词时,由when , before, after, until, as soon as等引导的时间状语从句和由if引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时。例如:

You may go fishing if you’re free.

如果你有空, 你可以去钓鱼。

(3)当主句的谓语是want, hope, wish等动词的一般现在形式,由when, before, after, until, as soon as引导的时间状语从句和if引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时。例如:

He wants to be a doctor when he grows up.

他长大后想当一名医生。

(4)当主句是祈使句时,由when, before, after, until等引导的时间状语从句和由if引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时。例如:

Look before you leap.

三思而后行。(谚语)

2. 宾语从句的时态问题:

(1)当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时时,其宾语从句的时态可以是任何适当的时态。所以,宾语从句的时态应根据实际情况而定.

She says (that) she works from Monday to Friday.

她说她从周一至周五上班。(从句是一般现在时)

She says (that) she will leave a message on his desk.

她说她要在他桌子上留个便条。(从句是一般将来时)

She says (that) she has never been to Mount Emei.

她说她从来没有去过峨嵋山。(从句是现在完成时)

(2)当主句的谓语动词的时态是一般过去时的时候,其宾语从句的时态一般要用适当的过去时态。

He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon.

他说昨天下午没有课。(从句是一般过去时)

He said (that) he was going to take care of the baby.

他说他会去照看这个婴儿。(从句是过去将来时)

He said (that) they were having a meeting at that time.

他说他们那时正在开会。(从句是过去进行时)

(3)但是当宾语从句是表达客观真理和规律的句子时,其时态仍旧用一般现在时。

The teacher told us(that) nothing is difficult if we put our hearts into it.

老师告诉我们世上无难事,只怕有心人。

She said(that) her father is twenty-eight years older than her.

她说她父亲比她大二十八岁。

易错点2:完成进行时与完成时的区别(注意时间状语参照的时间基点)

例题:In order to find the missing child, villagers ________ all they can over the past five hours.

A. did B. do C. had done D. have been doing

【解析】D。考查动词的时态。现在完成进行时表示动作的持续性。这里指为了找到这名丢失的小孩,最近五个小时,村民一直在尽他们所能地寻找。

易错点3:一般过去时与现在完成时的区别(强调动作与强调影响)

例题:We ______trees last Sunday. So far we ______ over 3,000 trees there.

A. planted; planted B. planted; have planted

C.have planted; planted D. have planted; have planted

【解析】B。句意:上周日我们种树了。到目前为止我们已经种了3000棵树。根据时间状语last Sunday可知用一般过去时,强调上周的动作。根据时间状语so far可知用现在完成时,强调影响,目前已有3000棵树。故选B。

五、定语从句易错点

易错点1:分隔定语从句

例题:By 16:30, ________ was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold.

A. which B. when C. what D. that

【解析】A。which代替先行词16:30,在从句中作主语。B项不能作主语;C项不能引导定语从句;D项不能引导非限制性定语从句。

易错点2:并列复合句句与从属复合句的区别

例题1:English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of ____uses it somewhat differently.

A. which B. what C. them D. it

【解析】A。英语一个完整句子只有一个谓语动词,且本题既无非谓语动词又无并列连词,后半句为非限定性定语从句。根据句意可知答案为A。

例题2:English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, and each of ____uses it somewhat differently.

A. which B. what C. them D. it

【解析】C。英语一个完整句子只有一个谓语动词,且本题后半句有并列连词and,故前后为并列简单句,后半句缺少主语。根据句意可知答案为C。

易错点3:as与which引导的非限定性定语从句的区别

例题:A lot of language learning, ________ has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period.

A. as B. it C. which D. this

【解析】A。as引导非限制性定语从句,用来指代整个主句(即先行句),意思是“正如……”。which也引导非限制性定语从句,但是没有“正如……”的意思,常翻译为“这”。

易错点4:where引导的抽象地点

例题:Sales director is a position ________ communication ability is just as important as sales skills.

A.which B.that C.when D.where

【解析】D。先行词position在定语从句中作状语,可以把定语从句改为 communication ability is just as important as sales skills in the position。in the position即可改为where或in which引导的定语从句。

易错点5:定语从句的介词的选用:一看句意,二看搭配

例题:In our class there are 46 students, ________half wear glasses.

A.in whom B.in them C.of whom D.of them

【解析】C。前后两句话之间无连词,故不能用人称代词them而应用关系代词whom引导定语从句;在46个学生当中,表所属,应用of。故答案选C。

六、名词性从句易错点

易错点1:it作形式主语或形式宾语的主语从句或宾语从句

例题:It suddenly occurred to him________ he had left his keys in the office.

A.whether B.where C.which D.that

【解析】D。本句中It为形式主语,后面为主语从句,从句句意完整,也不缺少句子成分,故选D项。

易错点2:需后接双宾语结构的动词后跟宾语从句

例题:We promise ________ attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.

A.who B.whom C.whoever D.whomever

【解析】C。句意:我们承诺给任何出席晚会的人一个与那个影星合影的机会。句中whoever引导宾语从句。

易错点3:同位语从句与定语从句的区别

例题:The notice came around two in the afternoon ________ the meeting would be postponed.

A.when B.that C.whether D.how

【解析】B。句意:会议将被延期的通知大约下午两点钟传来。空格后的句子解释说明名词The notice,作同位语从句,且从句结构完整,所以用that引导。

易错点4:whatever与whichever表选择引导名词性从句的区别

As many as five courses are provided, and you are free to choose ________ suits you best.

A.whatever B.whichever C.whenever D.wherever

【解析】B。所填词引导的从句作动词choose的宾语,同时该词在从句中作主语,whatever和whichever都有这样的意义,但是whatever表示无范围的选择;而whichever表示有范围的选择。根据题干中的“五门课程”可知,是有选择范围的,故选B。

七、特殊句式易错点

易错点1:强调句在语境中的考查——建议补充完整

例题:—“How was ______ they discovered the entrance to the underground palace?”

—“Totally by chance.”

A. it that B. he that C. it when D. he which

【解析】A。为强调句的特殊疑问句形式,其相应的陈述句形式为:

It was totally by chance that they discovered the entrance to the underground palace.

比较下题,它也属于强调句的特殊疑问句形式:

Who was it _____ saved the drowning girl?

A. since B. a C. that D. he

答案选C,被强调成分为 who,该句实为类似“It was Tom that saved the drowning girl”这类强调句的特殊疑问句形式(即对其中的Tom 提问而得)。

易错点2:多个从句掺杂的强调句

例题:____ that caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual.

A. It was we being late B. It was our being late

C. It was we were too late D. It was because we were late

【解析】B。此题容易误选D,认为强调的是原因状语从句because we were late。但实际上,此题的答案为B,强调的是句子主语our being late,此题若还原成非强调句,即为:Our being late caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual.注意,强调句的一个显著特点是,若去掉强调结构 it is [was]…that…,句子仍然成立;换句话说,该结构中的 that 不能充当句子成分。

易错点3:含有情态动词must的反义疑问句

例题:

反意疑问句中含有must的情况主要有以下几种:

(1)作为情态动词表“必须”,这时反意疑问句直接用mustn’t/needn’t

(2)当must表示推测时又分以下几种情况:

1)对现在事实的推测,反意疑问句与must后面的动词呼应,如:

You must be joking, aren’t you ?

2)对过去事实的推测,表示动作的时候用did当助动词,表示状态时用was,如:

Mr Green must have been punished for his being rude at the meeting,didn’t he ?

注意:(1)对现在情况的推测,问句部分用助动词(do, be)一般现在时的适当形式。若是现在进行时,问句部分用现在进行时的适当形式表示。若是there be结构,问句用isn’t/aren’t there。

(2)对已发生的过去情况的推测,若陈述句谓语部分有“must have done”,而且有表示过去的时间状语,问句部分用didn’t;若没有表示过去的时间状语,问句部分用haven’t或hasn’t。如:

They must have gone there last night,didn’t they?

They must have been to the Great Wall,haven’t they?

以上就是华图教师事业部教研中心为大家梳理的高频语法易错知识点。其实攻克这些易错点,不仅有利于提高单项选择题得分,而且完型填空,作文等题型的得分也会因此提高。希望考生多加注意、积累。

最后,华图教师事业部教研中心祝各位考生在考试中取得理想的成绩。

责任编辑:伍立华

教师教育网 教育信息网 人事考试网 资料下载

>>更多悦读相关信息/资料查看

2019 年中小学英语模拟题系列(一) 2019 年中小学英语模拟题系列(二) 2019 年中小学英语模拟题系列(三) 英语教师招聘教育教学类作文高频词汇及搭配【备考】英语教师招聘考试The Road Not Taken-Robert

精彩推荐

换一换

有报考疑惑?在线客服随时解惑

公告啥时候出?

报考问题解惑?报考条件?

报考岗位解惑   怎么备考?

冲刺资料领取?

咨询

备考资料预约

  • 省份
  • 市区
  • 考试类型
  • 姓名
  • 手机号
  • 验证码

互动交流

  • 华图教师APP题库下载

  • 微信公众号:htjiaoshi

在线客服×